How would you test an AWS environment for security issues?

(1) IAM enumeration — list users/roles, identify over-privileged service accounts. Tools: ScoutSuite, Prowler, pacu. (2) S3 bucket enumeration — public buckets, leaked AWS credentials in CI/CD logs. (3) EC2 metadata access — SSRF in deployed app → http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/iam/security-credentials/ → temporary creds. (4) Lambda function review — environment variable secrets, IAM role misuse. (5) Cross-account assume-role abuse — chain accounts together. (6) GuardDuty / CloudTrail evasion — operate during quiet windows, use diverse user agents. Required cert: AWS Cloud Practitioner minimum, Solutions Architect Associate strongly recommended for context. Tools: pacu, ScoutSuite, Prowler, CloudGoat (vulnerable lab).

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