Explain MP-BGP address families and their use cases (VPNv4, EVPN, IPv6, multicast).

MP-BGP extends BGP to carry routing information for multiple protocols beyond IPv4 unicast using Address Family Identifiers (AFI) and Subsequent AFI (SAFI). VPNv4 (AFI 1, SAFI 128) carries MPLS L3VPN routes with route distinguishers, used by Cisco India and Aryaka for customer VPN separation. EVPN (AFI 25, SAFI 70) transports MAC/IP bindings for data center fabric overlays—Flipkart and Razorpay deploy this in VXLAN environments. IPv6 unicast (AFI 2, SAFI 1) enables dual-stack routing. Multicast (SAFI 2) distributes multicast topology separately from unicast. Interview tip: Bangalore ISPs like Tata Communications expect you to configure 'address-family vpnv4' and explain RD/RT mechanics for L3VPN troubleshooting.

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